- Ha\u0219ura este o tehnic\u0103 de desen bazat\u0103 pe folosirea grupurilor de linii pentru redarea tonurilor, volumului, luminii \u0219i texturii.<\/li>\n\n
- Densitatea, distan\u021ba, presiunea \u0219i direc\u021bia liniilor influen\u021beaz\u0103 aspectul suprafe\u021bei \u0219i impresia de profunzime.<\/li>\n\n
- Ha\u0219ura paralel\u0103 este potrivit\u0103 pentru tonuri uniforme, ha\u0219ura \u00eencruci\u0219at\u0103 creeaz\u0103 valori mai \u00eenchise, iar ha\u0219ura de contur ajut\u0103 la redarea formelor rotunjite.<\/li>\n\n
- Alegerea instrumentului \u0219i a h\u00e2rtiei modific\u0103 rezultatul final: creioanele moi ofer\u0103 tonuri intense, h\u00e2rtia neted\u0103 permite detalii precise, iar suprafe\u021bele texturate produc efecte mai expresive.<\/li>\n\n
- Pentru a crea volum, ha\u0219ura trebuie adaptat\u0103 formei obiectului \u0219i direc\u021biei luminii, p\u0103str\u00e2nd zonele luminoase \u0219i ad\u0103ug\u00e2nd treptat straturi \u00een umbre.<\/li>\n\n
- Trecerea de la lumin\u0103 la umbr\u0103 se poate ob\u021bine prin reducerea presiunii, m\u0103rirea distan\u021bei dintre linii sau diminuarea treptat\u0103 a lungimii acestora.<\/li>\n\n
- Printre gre\u0219elile frecvente se num\u0103r\u0103 ap\u0103sarea prea puternic\u0103, folosirea aceluia\u0219i unghi pe \u00eentreaga suprafa\u021b\u0103, aplicarea excesiv\u0103 a straturilor \u0219i \u0219tergerea repetat\u0103.<\/li><\/ol>Cuprins<\/div><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div>
- <\/ol><\/div><\/div><\/div>
- Valoarea tonal\u0103:<\/strong> gradul de deschidere sau de \u00eenchidere al unei zone.<\/li>\n\n
- Volumul:<\/strong> trecerea de la lumin\u0103 la umbr\u0103, care face forma s\u0103 par\u0103 tridimensional\u0103.<\/li>\n\n
- Textura:<\/strong> senza\u021bia de material, precum lemn, metal, piatr\u0103, p\u0103r sau \u021bes\u0103tur\u0103.<\/li>\n\n
- Direc\u021bia formei:<\/strong> orientarea liniilor poate sugera dac\u0103 o suprafa\u021b\u0103 este plat\u0103, curbat\u0103 sau cilindric\u0103.<\/li><\/ul>
Ha\u0219ura are \u0219i o func\u021bie de ritm. Linii egale \u0219i ordonate transmit precizie, \u00een timp ce semnele scurte \u0219i variate pot sugera energie sau o textur\u0103 neregulat\u0103. \u00cen desenele monocrome, aceste diferen\u021be \u021bin locul culorii \u0219i ajut\u0103 privitorul s\u0103 citeasc\u0103 mai u\u0219or imaginea.<\/p>
\u00cen desenul tehnic, ha\u0219ura are o utilizare separat\u0103. Ea poate indica suprafe\u021bele t\u0103iate \u00eentr-o sec\u021biune \u0219i urmeaz\u0103 reguli grafice precise. \u00cen desenul artistic, alegerea direc\u021biei \u0219i a densit\u0103\u021bii este mai liber\u0103, \u00eens\u0103 lumina \u0219i forma trebuie s\u0103 r\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103 coerente.<\/p>
Tipuri de ha\u0219ur\u0103 \u0219i efectele lor<\/strong><\/h2>
Fiecare tip de ha\u0219ur\u0103 produce o impresie diferit\u0103. Alegerea nu se face dup\u0103 o regul\u0103 fix\u0103, ci dup\u0103 forma obiectului, materialul reprezentat \u0219i nivelul de contrast dorit.<\/p>
![\"Tipuri](\"https:\/\/www.pictorshop.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/2.-Tipuri-de-hasura-linii-paralele-linii-incrucisate-linii-curbate-si-semne-scurte-1024x820.jpg\")
Sursa foto: Magnific.com<\/figcaption><\/figure> Ha\u0219ura paralel\u0103 pentru tonuri curate<\/strong><\/h3>
Ha\u0219ura paralel\u0103 folose\u0219te linii care p\u0103streaz\u0103 aceea\u0219i direc\u021bie. Este potrivit\u0103 pentru suprafe\u021be plane, exerci\u021bii de tonalitate \u0219i primele studii de control al m\u00e2inii. Liniile pot avea aceea\u0219i lungime sau pot deveni treptat mai scurte pentru a crea o trecere.<\/p>
\u00cencepe cu o ap\u0103sare u\u0219oar\u0103 \u0219i p\u0103streaz\u0103 o distan\u021b\u0103 relativ constant\u0103 \u00eentre semne. Pentru o zon\u0103 mai \u00eenchis\u0103, apropie liniile sau adaug\u0103 un al doilea strat dup\u0103 ce primul s-a a\u0219ezat. Evit\u0103 s\u0103 ape\u0219i puternic de la \u00eenceput, deoarece h\u00e2rtia se poate luci sau poate p\u0103stra urme greu de corectat.<\/p>
Ha\u0219ura \u00eencruci\u0219at\u0103 pentru tonuri mai dense<\/strong><\/h3>
Ha\u0219ura \u00eencruci\u0219at\u0103, numit\u0103 \u0219i cross-hatching, apare c\u00e2nd un al doilea grup de linii traverseaz\u0103 primul grup la un alt unghi. Straturile succesive cresc densitatea \u0219i pot produce valori de gri \u00eenchis sau aproape negru.<\/p>
Aten\u021bie!<\/strong> Unghiurile nu trebuie s\u0103 fie perfect perpendiculare. Conteaz\u0103 ca fiecare strat s\u0103 aib\u0103 o direc\u021bie clar\u0103 \u0219i ca liniile s\u0103 nu devin\u0103 o re\u021bea dezordonat\u0103. Pentru o tranzi\u021bie fin\u0103, redu treptat num\u0103rul de linii din fiecare strat.<\/p>
Ha\u0219ura de contur pentru forme rotunjite<\/strong><\/h3>
\u00cen ha\u0219ura de contur, liniile urmeaz\u0103 curbura obiectului. Pe un cilindru, ele pot descrie rotunjimea lateral\u0103. Pe un obraz sau pe o sfer\u0103, curba liniilor ajut\u0103 privitorul s\u0103 perceap\u0103 direc\u021bia suprafe\u021bei.<\/p>
Aceast\u0103 tehnic\u0103 func\u021bioneaz\u0103 bine \u00een portrete, studii de m\u00e2ini, obiecte organice \u0219i forme cilindrice. Dac\u0103 toate liniile r\u0103m\u00e2n perfect drepte, chiar \u0219i un desen corect propor\u021bionat poate p\u0103rea plat.<\/p>
Ha\u0219ura scurt\u0103 \u0219i marcajele fragmentate<\/strong><\/h3>
Liniile scurte sunt utile pentru texturi \u0219i zone \u00een care marginea umbrei se pierde treptat. Pot sugera blana, frunzi\u0219ul, scoar\u021ba copacului sau suprafe\u021be cu granula\u021bie vizibil\u0103. Pentru piele sau ceramic\u0103, folose\u0219te-le cu mai mult\u0103 re\u021binere.<\/p>
Punctarea poate ap\u0103rea al\u0103turi de ha\u0219ur\u0103 \u00een tehnicile de redare a tonului, \u00eens\u0103 se bazeaz\u0103 pe puncte, nu pe linii. Efectul este controlabil, dar lucrul avanseaz\u0103 mai lent.<\/p>
Materiale potrivite pentru ha\u0219urare<\/strong><\/h2>
![\"Materiale](\"https:\/\/www.pictorshop.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/3.-Materiale-potrivite-creioane-de-diferite-duritati-carbune-stilou-cu-tus-hartie-de-desen-si-guma-maleabila-1024x683.jpeg\")
Sursa foto: Magnific.com<\/figcaption><\/figure> Instrumentul schimb\u0103 aspectul liniei. Un creion dur las\u0103 un semn fin \u0219i clar, \u00een timp ce un grafit moale produce tonuri mai bogate \u0219i se poate estompa mai u\u0219or. \u00cenainte de lucrarea propriu-zis\u0103, testeaz\u0103 c\u00e2teva linii pe o margine a foii.<\/p>
Creioane pentru linii clare \u0219i treceri tonale<\/strong><\/h3>
Un HB sau un creion pentru desen<\/a> mediu este potrivit pentru schi\u021ba ini\u021bial\u0103 \u0219i pentru ha\u0219ura fin\u0103. Minele mai moi, precum 2B, 4B sau 6B, pot crea tonuri mai \u00eenchise. Duritatea poate varia \u00eentre produc\u0103tori, a\u0219a c\u0103 nota de pe creion ofer\u0103 un punct de plecare, nu un rezultat identic \u00een orice set. Pentru linii sub\u021biri \u0219i detalii repetitive, creioanele mecanice<\/a> ofer\u0103 o grosime mai constant\u0103 a minei.<\/p>
H\u00e2rtia \u0219i felul \u00een care prime\u0219te grafitul<\/strong><\/h3>
Alegerea h\u00e2rtiei influen\u021beaz\u0103 direct aspectul final al desenului. O suprafa\u021b\u0103 neted\u0103 sprijin\u0103 realizarea detaliilor de fine\u021be, a liniilor precise \u0219i a unei ha\u0219uri bine structurate. \u00cen schimb, o h\u00e2rtie pentru art\u0103<\/a> cu o granula\u021bie sau textur\u0103 evident\u0103 capteaz\u0103 o cantitate mai mare de c\u0103rbune ori grafit, dar poate fragmenta continuitatea liniei, oferind o finisare mai rustic\u0103 \u0219i granulat\u0103.<\/p>
Pentru studii rapide, \u00eencerc\u0103ri \u0219i schi\u021be, este recomandat\u0103 utilizarea de h\u00e2rtie pentru schi\u021b\u0103 \u0219i desen<\/a>. Astfel, tipul de suport trebuie selectat \u00een func\u021bie de obiectivul urm\u0103rit: o textura fin\u0103 ofer\u0103 rigoare \u0219i control, \u00een timp ce un suport mai texturat asigur\u0103 efecte expresive, mai bogate \u0219i urme accentuate.<\/p>
Grafit, c\u0103rbune \u0219i tu\u0219<\/strong><\/h3>
Desenul \u00een grafit<\/a> permite ajust\u0103ri facile, \u0219tergeri curate \u0219i treceri umbrite foarte fluide. Spre deosebire de acesta, c\u0103rbunele ofer\u0103 tonuri mult mai profunde, dar este friabil, iar particulele sale se pot \u00eempr\u0103\u0219tia rapid dac\u0103 suprafa\u021ba este atins\u0103.<\/p>
\u00cen cazul suprafe\u021belor extinse ce necesit\u0103 umbre intense, c\u0103rbunele<\/a> pentru desen reprezint\u0103 o op\u021biune mai eficient\u0103 dec\u00e2t un creion dur. \u00cen schimb, tehnica ha\u0219ur\u0103rii \u00een tu\u0219 ofer\u0103 linii definitive \u0219i impune o precizie ridicat\u0103, spa\u021biul pentru rectific\u0103ri fiind minim. <\/p>
Sfat de la PictorShop:<\/strong> Dac\u0103 vrei s\u0103 aprofundezi aceste principii de lucru, cite\u0219te ghidul nostru despre desenul \u00een tu\u0219 sau cerneal\u0103<\/a>.<\/p>
Cum se folose\u0219te ha\u0219ura pentru volum \u0219i lumin\u0103<\/strong><\/h2>
![\"Cum](\"https:\/\/www.pictorshop.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/4.-Cum-se-foloseste-hasura-studiu-in-creion-cu-o-sfera-un-cilindru-si-un-cub-modelate-prin-hasura-1024x819.jpeg\")
Sursa foto: Magnific.com<\/figcaption><\/figure> O ha\u0219ur\u0103 conving\u0103toare \u00eencepe \u00eenaintea primei linii. Prive\u0219te subiectul \u0219i stabile\u0219te de unde vine lumina. Observ\u0103 zona cea mai luminoas\u0103, umbra proprie a obiectului \u0219i umbra proiectat\u0103 pe suprafa\u021ba de sprijin.<\/p>
Pe scurt, urmeaz\u0103 ace\u0219ti pa\u0219i simpli:<\/p>
- Construie\u0219te forma:<\/strong> traseaz\u0103 conturul \u0219i axele principale cu linii u\u0219oare.<\/li>\n\n
- Stabile\u0219te direc\u021bia:<\/strong> alege linii drepte pentru suprafe\u021be plane sau linii curbate pentru forme rotunde.<\/li>\n\n
- \u00cencepe cu tonuri deschise:<\/strong> las\u0103 spa\u021bii \u00eentre linii \u0219i urm\u0103re\u0219te reac\u021bia h\u00e2rtiei.<\/li>\n\n
- Ad\u00e2nce\u0219te umbrele:<\/strong> adaug\u0103 straturi \u00een zonele care trebuie s\u0103 par\u0103 mai retrase.<\/li>\n\n
- P\u0103streaz\u0103 luminile:<\/strong> rezerv\u0103 h\u00e2rtia alb\u0103 acolo unde lumina cade direct.<\/li>\n\n
- Verific\u0103 desenul de la distan\u021b\u0103:<\/strong> tonul general se cite\u0219te mai bine c\u00e2nd nu prive\u0219ti fiecare linie separat.<\/li><\/ol>
Cum alegi direc\u021bia liniilor<\/strong><\/h3>
Direc\u021bia ha\u0219urii trebuie s\u0103 sus\u021bin\u0103 forma. Pe o mas\u0103, liniile orizontale pot accentua suprafa\u021ba. Pe un cilindru, liniile curbate pot descrie rotunjimea. \u00centr-un portret, ha\u0219ura poate urm\u0103ri planurile fe\u021bei, f\u0103r\u0103 s\u0103 transforme pielea \u00eentr-o suprafa\u021b\u0103 rigid\u0103.<\/p>
Direc\u021bia poate avea \u0219i un rol compozi\u021bional. Grupurile de linii orientate diferit separ\u0103 planurile \u0219i conduc privirea. La final, \u00eentreab\u0103-te dac\u0103 fiecare grup de linii descrie forma sau doar umple un spa\u021biu gol.<\/p>
Cum ob\u021bii treceri f\u0103r\u0103 s\u0103 pierzi linia<\/strong><\/h3>
Pentru o trecere tonal\u0103, scade presiunea, m\u0103re\u0219te distan\u021ba dintre linii sau scurteaz\u0103 treptat semnele. Po\u021bi combina aceste metode, \u00eens\u0103 schimbarea trebuie f\u0103cut\u0103 gradual. O trecere brusc\u0103 poate face umbra s\u0103 par\u0103 t\u0103iat\u0103.<\/p>
Estomparea cu degetul sau cu un instrument de blending poate unifica tonul, dar \u0219terge caracterul ha\u0219urii. Dac\u0103 urm\u0103re\u0219ti o imagine \u00een care liniile r\u0103m\u00e2n vizibile, folose\u0219te estomparea rar \u0219i p\u0103streaz\u0103 c\u00e2teva zone \u00een care direc\u021bia semnelor poate fi citit\u0103.<\/p>
Pentru exerci\u021biu, deseneaz\u0103 o sfer\u0103 \u0219i \u00eemparte-o \u00een trei valori: lumin\u0103, semiumbr\u0103 \u0219i umbr\u0103. Repet\u0103 apoi studiul cu un cilindru \u0219i un cub. Aceste forme simple arat\u0103 repede dac\u0103 direc\u021bia \u0219i densitatea ha\u0219urii sus\u021bin volumul.<\/p>
Gre\u0219eli frecvente la ha\u0219urare<\/strong><\/h2>
Multe probleme apar din grab\u0103, nu din lipsa unui instrument bun. O m\u00e2n\u0103 care apas\u0103 prea tare sau schimb\u0103 unghiul f\u0103r\u0103 inten\u021bie poate face ha\u0219ura s\u0103 par\u0103 peticit\u0103.<\/p>
Fii atent la aceste erori:<\/p>
- Linii ap\u0103sate de la \u00eenceput:<\/strong> tonul devine greu de ajustat, iar h\u00e2rtia poate r\u0103m\u00e2ne lucioas\u0103.<\/li>\n\n
- Distan\u021be complet aleatorii:<\/strong> suprafa\u021ba cap\u0103t\u0103 un aspect fragmentat.<\/li>\n\n
- Acela\u0219i unghi peste tot:<\/strong> forma \u00ee\u0219i pierde direc\u021bia \u0219i volumul scade.<\/li>\n\n
- Prea multe straturi:<\/strong> intersec\u021biile devin pete \u00eentunecate.<\/li>\n\n
- \u0218tergere repetat\u0103:<\/strong> h\u00e2rtia se deterioreaz\u0103 \u0219i prime\u0219te grafitul neuniform.<\/li><\/ul>
De ce se \u00eentunec\u0103 intersec\u021biile ha\u0219urii<\/strong><\/h3>
\u00centr-un comentariu la un tutorial despre tehnici de ha\u0219ur\u0103, utilizatorul @eliiicopter \u00eentreba de ce zonele \u00een care se \u00eent\u00e2lnesc liniile devin mai \u00eentunecate \u0219i de ce guma maleabil\u0103 poate strica suprafa\u021ba. Observa\u021bia este corect\u0103: \u00een punctele de intersec\u021bie se acumuleaz\u0103 mai mult grafit. (NIUSS by Iustina Tudor, YouTube, 2022)<\/p>
Pentru a controla efectul, folose\u0219te o ap\u0103sare mai u\u0219oar\u0103 la primul strat \u0219i adaug\u0103 al doilea strat doar \u00een zonele care trebuie s\u0103 fie mai profunde. Guma maleabil\u0103 poate ridica par\u021bial grafitul prin tamponare. Dac\u0103 o freci pe h\u00e2rtie, po\u021bi ob\u021bine pete \u0219i o textur\u0103 neuniform\u0103.<\/p>
De ce ha\u0219ura la 45 de grade poate p\u0103rea plat\u0103<\/strong><\/h3>
\u00cen comentariile unui alt tutorial, @razvanandrei3266 descria problema unei ha\u0219uri realizate doar la 45 de grade, f\u0103r\u0103 volum vizibil. Unghiul singur nu construie\u0219te forma. Tonul, schimbarea densit\u0103\u021bii, direc\u021bia potrivit\u0103 suprafe\u021bei \u0219i umbra proiectat\u0103 lucreaz\u0103 \u00eempreun\u0103. (Andrei Radu Meditatii la Desen, YouTube, 2017)<\/p>
O alt\u0103 utilizatoare, @elizabeth.annemari847, spunea c\u0103 prefer\u0103 un anumit tip de ha\u0219ur\u0103 pentru zonele obi\u0219nuite \u0219i alege un unghi de 45 de grade pentru lucr\u0103rile la care acord\u0103 mai mult\u0103 aten\u021bie. Experien\u021ba arat\u0103 c\u0103 un unghi poate deveni o preferin\u021b\u0103 personal\u0103, \u00eens\u0103 trebuie adaptat subiectului \u0219i luminii. (ArtWise Andreea, YouTube, 2020)<\/p>
Observa\u021bii din comunit\u0103\u021bile de desen<\/strong><\/h2>
Discu\u021biile reale dintre arti\u0219ti \u0219i cursan\u021bi scot la iveal\u0103 o problem\u0103 care apare des: exerci\u021biul poate fi corect tehnic, dar desenul r\u0103m\u00e2ne plat dac\u0103 valorile nu sunt organizate. Ha\u0219ura func\u021bioneaz\u0103 c\u00e2nd fiecare grup de linii are un rol vizual clar.<\/p>
- Controlul tonului:<\/strong> \u00eentrebarea lui @cosminciocirlan1145 despre aspectul de \u201epraf de min\u0103\u201d arat\u0103 diferen\u021ba dintre o ha\u0219ur\u0103 vizibil\u0103 \u0219i un ton difuz ob\u021binut prin grafit aplicat cu lateralul minei sau prin estompare. (Andrei Radu Meditatii la Desen, Youtube, 2017)<\/li>\n\n
- Intersec\u021biile prea \u00eentunecate:<\/strong> problema semnalat\u0103 de @eliiicopter poate fi redus\u0103 prin presiune mai mic\u0103 \u0219i mai pu\u021bine straturi. (NIUSS by Iustina Tudor, YouTube, 2022)<\/li>\n\n
- Unghiul de 45 de grade:<\/strong> observa\u021bia lui @razvanandrei3266 confirm\u0103 c\u0103 direc\u021bia singur\u0103 nu poate \u00eenlocui trecerea tonal\u0103 \u0219i descrierea formei. (Andrei Radu Meditatii la Desen, YouTube, 2017)<\/li>\n\n
- Timpul de lucru:<\/strong> \u00eentr-o discu\u021bie de pe Forocoches, utilizatorul Vallinin spunea c\u0103 ultimul desen i-a ocupat aproximativ patru dimine\u021bi \u0219i c\u0103 abia \u00eencepuse s\u0103 lucreze serios, f\u0103r\u0103 preg\u0103tire formal\u0103. Practica repetat\u0103 are un rol vizibil \u00een controlul liniei \u0219i al r\u0103bd\u0103rii. (Forocoches, 2020)<\/li><\/ul>
Aceste observa\u021bii sus\u021bin o idee simpl\u0103: ha\u0219ura se \u00eenva\u021b\u0103 prin exerci\u021bii repetate, dar exerci\u021biul trebuie urm\u0103rit cu aten\u021bie. Deseneaz\u0103 aceea\u0219i form\u0103 cu trei direc\u021bii diferite, compar\u0103 valorile \u0219i noteaz\u0103 unde linia \u00eencepe s\u0103 descrie forma.<\/p>
Pentru mai multe exerci\u021bii de baz\u0103, po\u021bi citi ghidul nostru pentru desenul \u00een creion<\/a>. Instrumentele \u0219i materialele pentru desen<\/a> te ajut\u0103, dar progresul se vede mai ales \u00een felul \u00een care controlezi densitatea, direc\u021bia \u0219i trecerile de ton.<\/p>
Prin urmare, o ha\u0219ur\u0103 reu\u0219it\u0103 se construie\u0219te prin alegeri mici \u0219i repetate: o presiune controlat\u0103, o direc\u021bie potrivit\u0103 formei \u0219i suficient spa\u021biu pentru lumin\u0103. Cu aceste repere, fiecare exerci\u021biu devine mai u\u0219or de analizat \u0219i de corectat.<\/p>
Surse \u0219i referin\u021be:<\/strong><\/p>
- Aristides, J. (2006). Classical drawing atelier: A contemporary guide to traditional studio practice. Watson-Guptill Publications.<\/li>\n\n
- Civardi, G. (2002). Drawing techniques: Drawing, shading, hatching. Search Press.<\/li>\n\n
- Loomis, A. (2012). Successful drawing. Titan Books.<\/li>\n\n
- Speed, H. (1972). The practice and science of drawing. Dover Publications.<\/li><\/ul>
Experien\u021be din comunitate:<\/strong><\/p>
- @cosminciocirlan1145:<\/strong> \u00eentrebare despre ob\u021binerea unui ton difuz, asem\u0103n\u0103tor prafului de grafit, \u00een locul unor linii vizibile. YouTube, comentariu la tutorialul \u201eCum fac ha\u0219ura \u00een desen\u201d: https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=6vdnk3-IWQw;<\/li>\n\n
- @eliiicopter:<\/strong> observa\u021bie despre intersec\u021biile mai \u00eentunecate ale ha\u0219urii \u0219i folosirea gumei maleabile. YouTube, comentariu la \u201eHa\u0219ura \u00een creion\u201d: https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=EX8F8Pxp6-0;<\/li>\n\n
- @razvanandrei3266:<\/strong> \u00eentrebare despre ha\u0219ura la 45 de grade care nu transmite volum. YouTube, comentariu la tutorialul despre ha\u0219ur\u0103: https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=6vdnk3-IWQw;<\/li>\n\n
- Vallinin:<\/strong> a descris aproximativ patru dimine\u021bi de lucru pentru un desen \u0219i a precizat c\u0103 \u00eenv\u0103\u021ba autodidact, f\u0103r\u0103 preg\u0103tire formal\u0103. Forocoches, 1 decembrie 2020: https:\/\/forocoches.com\/foro\/index.php\/showthread.php?p=388026035.<\/li><\/ul>
<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
O linie trasat\u0103 pe h\u00e2rtie poate sugera mai mult dec\u00e2t un contur. \u00cen func\u021bie de direc\u021bie, distan\u021b\u0103 \u0219i presiune, aceea\u0219i linie poate indica o suprafa\u021b\u0103 neted\u0103, o umbr\u0103 ad\u00e2nc\u0103 sau curbura unui obiect. Aici \u00eencepe rolul ha\u0219urii \u00een desen. Pentru un \u00eencep\u0103tor, ha\u0219ura poate p\u0103rea o succesiune de linii puse una l\u00e2ng\u0103 alta. Pentru un …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":8134,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[33,28,23],"tags":[990,1000,989,1005,372,985,987,390,984,996,983,982,994,397,991,980,393,993,979,992,995,998,999,1003,986,373,1001,1002,981,1004,997,988],"class_list":["post-8130","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articole-recente","category-desen-caligrafie","category-tehnici-materiale-arta","tag-creion-pentru-desen","tag-cross-hatching","tag-cum-creezi-volum-prin-hasura","tag-cum-se-face-hasura","tag-desen-artistic","tag-desen-cu-hasura","tag-desen-in-carbune","tag-desen-in-creion","tag-desen-in-grafit","tag-desen-in-tus","tag-desen-tridimensional","tag-exercitii-de-hasurare","tag-greseli-hasurare","tag-hartie-pentru-desen-2","tag-hasura","tag-hasura-de-contur","tag-hasura-in-desen","tag-hasura-incrucisata","tag-hasura-paralela","tag-hasura-pentru-lumina-si-umbra","tag-hasura-pentru-volum","tag-hasura-scurta","tag-hasurare","tag-lumina-si-umbra-2","tag-tehnica-hasurii","tag-tehnici-de-desen","tag-tehnici-de-hasurare","tag-textura-in-desen","tag-tipuri-de-hasura","tag-tonuri-in-desen","tag-valori-tonale","tag-volum-in-desen"],"yoast_head":"\n
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@eliiicopter:<\/strong> observa\u021bie despre intersec\u021biile mai \u00eentunecate ale ha\u0219urii \u0219i folosirea gumei maleabile. YouTube, comentariu la \u201eHa\u0219ura \u00een creion\u201d: https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=EX8F8Pxp6-0;<\/li>\n\n
- @cosminciocirlan1145:<\/strong> \u00eentrebare despre ob\u021binerea unui ton difuz, asem\u0103n\u0103tor prafului de grafit, \u00een locul unor linii vizibile. YouTube, comentariu la tutorialul \u201eCum fac ha\u0219ura \u00een desen\u201d: https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=6vdnk3-IWQw;<\/li>\n\n
- Intersec\u021biile prea \u00eentunecate:<\/strong> problema semnalat\u0103 de @eliiicopter poate fi redus\u0103 prin presiune mai mic\u0103 \u0219i mai pu\u021bine straturi. (NIUSS by Iustina Tudor, YouTube, 2022)<\/li>\n\n
- Distan\u021be complet aleatorii:<\/strong> suprafa\u021ba cap\u0103t\u0103 un aspect fragmentat.<\/li>\n\n
- Stabile\u0219te direc\u021bia:<\/strong> alege linii drepte pentru suprafe\u021be plane sau linii curbate pentru forme rotunde.<\/li>\n\n
- Volumul:<\/strong> trecerea de la lumin\u0103 la umbr\u0103, care face forma s\u0103 par\u0103 tridimensional\u0103.<\/li>\n\n
Ce este ha\u0219ura \u00een desen \u0219i ce poate construi<\/strong><\/h2>
Ha\u0219ura este o tehnic\u0103 de desen bazat\u0103 pe grupuri de linii care creeaz\u0103 valori tonale, texturi \u0219i impresia de form\u0103 tridimensional\u0103. Liniile pot fi paralele, intersectate, scurte sau orientate dup\u0103 curbura obiectului. Rezultatul depinde de rela\u021bia dintre aceste linii, h\u00e2rtie, instrument \u0219i sursa de lumin\u0103.<\/p>
C\u00e2nd liniile sunt mai apropiate, zona pare mai \u00eentunecat\u0103. C\u00e2nd spa\u021biile dintre ele cresc, h\u00e2rtia r\u0103m\u00e2ne mai vizibil\u0103, iar tonul devine mai deschis. Principiul este folosit \u00een desenul cu grafit, c\u0103rbune, tu\u0219 \u0219i cerneal\u0103. Matt Fussell descrie ha\u0219ura \u0219i ha\u0219ura \u00eencruci\u0219at\u0103 ca tehnici liniare prin care pot fi sugerate valoarea, textura, lumina \u0219i forma.<\/p>
Iat\u0103 la ce folosesc aceste tehnici:<\/p>
- Valoarea tonal\u0103:<\/strong> gradul de deschidere sau de \u00eenchidere al unei zone.<\/li>\n\n